Sukumizu

, short for , is a variant of swimwear intended for use by school students during swimming lessons in Japan. They can come in the form of either a one-piece or a two-piece swimsuit for girls, the latter of which corresponds to a sleeveless shirt for the upper torso. Boys, on the other hand, generally wear swim trunks. They are usually coloured in a dark blue hue, are closely fitting, and have typical seam lines that run laterally across the chest for girls. The material is generally a mixture of synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester.
History
The emerged in the late 1950s as both nylon and stretch fabrics became widely available, allowing for a stretchable and easy to dry swimsuit. Until this point, swimsuits consisted mainly of cotton and acetate fabrics. With the opening of the first factories able to produce swimsuits using the new material, a lucrative corner of the clothing market was created, in contrast with other types of garments which guaranteed a certain minimum turnover.
With the expectation of there always being new students requiring new swimsuits provided by the school, many manufacturers formed a direct relationship with schools, resulting in swimsuits being produced to a mostly standardised, easy to manufacture design and shape, expressly for the purpose of providing students with swimsuits to wear.
Earlier variations of the for girls are referred to as being the "old type" and "old old type", two similar varieties common during the time period from the late 1950s to the mid 1980s. Both styles, when viewed from the front, appeared to have separate top and bottom pieces, though both were sewn together as a one piece swimsuit. Newer variations of the swimsuit have retained these distinctive seam lines; however, the modern features a separate skirt and a different shape of the support, more attuned to the needs of the wearer.
Types
Female
Most swimsuits are one-piece suits, with distinctions between five different forms: the , , , , and .
Old type

The old type, also known as the , is a one-piece suit with the part obscuring the pubic area connected from behind coming to the front with the surrounding fabric of the top covering the front piece seams; this results in a hole close to the belly button. The suit is sewn on the left and right sides. Due to elasticity, the body size is flexibly adapted and the inflowing of the chest can cause water leakage through the gap near the navel, which reduces water resistance. In the region of the buttocks, there is another seam, which often has the shape of an upside-down U, which causes significant visible wrinkles in the upper part. The rear shoulder area is also a U shape characterized as something resembling a deep neckline. The supports extend laterally and upwards at the shoulders, whereby a significant portion of the back is left uncovered. This gives the advantage where the length of the shoulder straps can be altered by offsetting the seams. This design was made with the assumption that students would grow in the meantime.
Old old type

The old old type consisted of two garments, with the upper part resembling a skirt or a shirt, and the lower part modeled after bloomer shorts, which extends below the shoulders. Both sections are sewn on the inside, albeit not completely, so that it is possible to evert it to the level of the shoulders. To avoid accidental uncovering, the lining on the front side is connected to the lower piece. A seam at the lower end merges from the back portion directly obscuring the region surrounding the pubic area, giving a form of a skirt as seen from any direction.
New type

Emerging around 1985, the skirt form has been removed, making the swimsuit appear more like a normal one-piece maillot.
Competition type
The competition type has its form beginning from the waist level with no longitudinal seam on the front, and is made of thinner material, with much narrower shoulder straps that are usually white and distinct from the main body of the swimsuit.<ref name="word" />
Spats type
The spats type has great coverage of over the legs, hence its Japanese name, which refers to the English term "spats".
Appearance
Colour
are generally supplied in a dark blue hue in the majority of cases. The dark colour prevents the swimsuit from becoming visually transparent when wet.
Nameplate
A characteristic feature of is a name plate attached to the front of the swimsuit, placed over the chest area and allows the teacher to easily identify the students, which can be difficult due to bathing caps.
Use in media
are often used as a frequent trope in various Japanese media. It is often used as a running gag used for fan service or a comedic element in television series, animations and comics, and is a common ingredient in beach episodes. They are also often seen in gravure idol photoshoots and other adult entertainment media, often carrying a sexual connotation like the Japanese school uniform.

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