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Scope of linguistics
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Scope of linguistics Micro-linguistics includes phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Macro-linguistics includes sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, stylistics, discourse analysis, computational linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and applied linguistics. Micro-linguistics Phonetics Phonetics is the scientific study of speech sounds. It studies how speech sounds are articulated, transmitted, and received. Phonology Phonology is the study of how speech sounds function in a language, it studies the ways speech sounds are organized. It can be seen as the functional phonetics of a particular language. Morphology Morphology is the study of the formation of words. It is a branch of linguistics which breaks words itno morphemes. It can be considered as the grammar of words as syntax is the grammar of sentences. Syntax Syntax deals with the combination of words into phrases, clauses and sentences. It is the grammar of sentence construction. Semantics Semantics is a branch of linguistics which is concerned with the study of meaning in all its formal aspects. Words have several types of meanign. Pragmatics Pragmatics can bedefined as the study oflanguage in use. It deals with how speakers use language in ways which cannot be predicted from lingistic knowledge alone, and how hearers arrive at the intended meaningof speakers. PRAGMATICS =MEANING-SEMANTICS. Macrolinguistics Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics studies the relations between language and society: how social factors influence the structure and use of language. Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics is the study of language and mind: the mental structures and processes which are involved in the acquistion, comprehension and production of language. Neurolinguistics Neurolinguistics is the study of language processing and language representation in the brain. It typically studies the disturbances of language comprehension and production caused by the damage of certain areas of the brain. Stylistics Stylistics is the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistic features. It usually refers to the study of written language, including literary text, but it also investigates spoken language sometimes. Discourse analysis Discourse analysis, or text linguistics is the study of the relationship between language and the contexts in which language is used. It deals with how sentences ins poken and written language form larger meaningful units. Computational linguistics Computational linguistics is an approach to linguistics which employs mathematical techniques, often with the help of a computer. Cognitive linguistics Cognitive linguistics is an approach to the analysis of natural language that focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing, and conveying information. Applied linguistics Applied linguistics is primarily concerned with the application of linguistic theories, methods and findings to the elucidation of language problems which have arisen in other areas of experience. See Also
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