The Rat-Cigarette Lifespan Theory is a criminological theory that uses the analogy of rats dying from cigarette smoke to symbolize the fact that actions have consequences. One of the main proponents of the theory is Dr Lester Nessman. In his landmark study, Dr Statt Marr and three of his pupils studied the effects that cigarette smoking had on lab mice. Once the mice were chemically addicted , the students measured how long it took them to die. Dr Marr presented this information to Dr Nessman, the original theorist of Rat-Cigarette Lifespan theory. They submitted their work to multiple peer review journals, where it soon became a controversial yet accepted theory in the field of criminology. Animal rights organizations were strongly critical of this work.