Pollotarianism

Pollotarianism (or pollo-vegetarianism) is a semi-vegetarian diet in which a person only eats vegetables, fruits, and poultry meat (particularly chicken), but does not consume meat from fish or mammals. Pollotarians tend to include non-flesh animal products such as dairy and eggs in their diet, as well.
Terminology
Pollo is a Spanish and Italian term for chicken.
Terms for this diet arose in response to growing numbers of people (particularly in the United States) who have restricted diets that do not meet the definition of more restrictive diets such as vegetarianism or veganism.
Some people consider the term pollo-vegetarian (which is sometimes wrongly used to describe the diet) to be a misnomer, because they read the term as indicating a specific kind of vegetarian, whereas the central tenet of vegetarianism is abstinence from eating any animal flesh).
Other people consider the term pollo-vegetarian to be accurate, because they read the term as describing people who eat both poultry and vegetables.
Rationale
There are many rationales for maintaining a pollo-vegetarian diet.
Health
Based on findings that red meat is detrimental to health in many cases due to non-lean red meats containing high amounts of saturated fats.
Ethical
For some the rationale is ethics: believing that either the treatment, or simply the killing and eating, of mass market "meat" mammals is unethical. The rationalization for eating chickens in this case is usually to include consumption of some sort of a complete protein in their diet, however, complete proteins are available in plant sources such as soy products and quinoa. Some believe that the treatment (specifically the caging) of mass market meat mammals is unethical, and only eat free-range (and sometimes only organic) chickens that are not caged. There is also the argument that eating available food from animals with possibly lower levels of consciousness such as chickens may be more ethical than eating food produced from larger animals with possibly higher levels of consciousness.
Environmental
Because the amount of grain, water, and other resources required to yield a pound of poultry meat is significantly lower than beef or pork, many pollotarians and pescetarians cite environmental impact as their justification for avoiding certain kinds of meats. For example, Scientific American reported that pound-for-pound, chicken production generates less than 1/10th the greenhouse gas emissions of beef production.

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