List of compositions with unusual key relationships

This list contains musical compositions which use unusual secondary key centres. The list is sorted first by the scale of the tonal structure, and then by the interval of the modulation.
Single movements
These movements, most of them in sonata form or binary form, contain tonal relationships between the two subject areas (or main tonal regions) that deviate from the norm of modulating to the dominant (in a major key) or to the relative major or dominant minor (in a minor key).
Major second
*Schubert - Trout Quintet, ii (F-G)
Major third
*Vivaldi - Trio Sonata in D minor, ii (B-d)
*Bach - Suite in B flat major, BWV821, Courante (B-d)
*Beethoven - Piano Sonata in G, Opus 31 no. 1 (1802), i (G-b)
*Beethoven - Piano Sonata, "Waldstein" (1804), i (C-E)
*Beethoven - (1806) (C-E)
*Beethoven - Symphony No. 7 (1812), iv (A-c)
*Brahms - String Quintet No. 1, i and iii (F-A)
*Brahms - Symphony No. 3, i (F-a)
Perfect fourth
*Mozart - String Quartet No. 13 in D minor, K. 173, i (d-a-e-g)
*Schubert - Trout Quintet, v (A-D)
Minor sixth
*Beethoven - Symphony No. 9, i (d-B)
*Beethoven - Sonata Op. 106 in B, iii (f-D)
*Beethoven - Piano Sonata Op. 111, i (c-A)
*Brahms - Piano Quintet Op. 34, i (f-D)
*Brahms - Piano Quintet Op. 34, ii (A-E)
Major sixth
*Bach - Suite in B major, BWV 821, Allemande (B-g)
*Beethoven - Triple Concerto, i (C-a)
*Beethoven - Piano Trio "Archduke", i (B-G)
*Beethoven - Piano Sonata Op. 106, i (B-G)
*Brahms - Piano Trio No. 1, i (B-g)
*Dvorak - Sonatina for Violin and Piano, i (G-e)
Minor seventh
*Beethoven - Symphony No. 9, ii (d-C)
*Tchaikovsky - Symphony No. 5, i (e-D)
Multi-movement work
These multi-movement works contain unusual tonal relationships between the movements.
Minor second
*Haydn - Piano Sonata in Et, No. 51 (ii is in E)
*Brahms - Cello Sonata No. 2 in F (ii is in F)
Minor third (in major-key works)
*Schubert - Piano Sonata in B (ii is in C minor)
*Schubert - Violin Sonata in A (iii is in C)
*Schumann - String Quartet in F (ii is in A)
Major third (in minor-key works)
*Beethoven - Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor (ii is in E)
*Brahms - Piano Quartet No. 3 in C minor (iii is in E)
*Chopin - Piano Sonata No. 3 in B minor (ii is in E)
*Grieg - Piano Concerto in A minor (ii is in D)
*Rachmaninoff - Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor (ii is in E)
Minor sixth (in major-key works)
*Beethoven - Sonata Op. 101 in A (ii is in F)
*Beethoven - Sonata Op. 106 in B (iii is in F minor)
Major sixth (in minor-key works)
*Schumann - Violin Sonata in D minor (ii is in B minor)
*Scriabin - Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor (ii is in E major)
Minor seventh
*Vivaldi - Violin Concerto No. 4 in F minor "Winter" (ii is in E major)
Major seventh
*Kabalevsky - Cello Sonata in B major, Op. 71 (ii is in A minor)

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