Computers and the environment

In recent years the environmental issues with respect to computers have been highlighted and some progress has been made to reduce this impact.
History
Electronic computers began appearing in the 1940s with a slow progression in technology and number of units until the 1980s. Then, with the development of the IBM Personal Computer and their clones sales of computers increased dramatically. This increase, along with changing technology leading to obsolescence, created large amounts of electronic waste.
Environmental issues
Manufacturing process
Energy consumption
PowerTOP is a software utility designed to measure, explain and minimise a computer's electrical power consumption.
Electronic waste
Mitigation of impact
Green computing
Energy efficiency
Computer recycling
 
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