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Comparison of association football and futsal
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Futsal began in the 1930s in South America as a version of association football (soccer), taking elements of its parent game into an indoor format so players could still play during inclement weather. Over the years, both sports have developed, creating a situation where the two sports share common traits while also hosting various differences. The Laws of the Game for each sport both have 17 laws, all of which cover the same topics, although with some variations in certain areas. Similarities Area of play === *Playing area markings: Both sports are played on a rectangular field marked with lines with a centre circle midway between two goals. The two longer lines are called touch lines and the two shorter lines are called goal lines. *Corners: At the confluence of the goal line and the touch line, also known as the corner, there is a quarter circle called the corner arc. *Penalty area: both sports have a penalty area extending from the outside of each goal post along the goal line. *Goals: Goals are placed at the centre of each goal line, with two posts equidistant from the corners. The two posts are connected by a crossbar. Starts and stoppages *Scoring: Scoring takes place when the entire ball passes over the goal line in between the goal posts. *Boundary stoppages: The ball is also considered out of play in both sports when it completely passes over the goal line or the touch line and the attacking team kicks the ball back into play in a Corner kick when the defending team kicks the ball over the goal line. During restarts from the touch line, futsal and association football require at least part of the ball to be behind the touch line until the ball is back in play. *Kick-offs: Kick-offs also take place in each sport at the beginning of each half or after the scoring of a goal and dropped-balls occur when play is interrupted for any reason not otherwise specified within the laws of the game. Fouls * Direct free kick fouls: There are ten identical fouls that result in direct free kicks and if any one of these fouls occur in the penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded. * The advantage rule: Referees are also allowed to let play continue if the stoppage of play would reward the team committing the foul, better known as the "Advantage Rule". * Yellow and red cards: Cautions and sending-off offences are also identical, and the procedure regarding free kicks is the same, although in association football all opponents must stay at least 9.15 metres from the ball until it is back in play where in futsal, all opponents must stay at least 5 metres from the ball until it is back in play. Miscellaneous *Laws of the Game: As of 2016, the primary governing body for both association football and futsal is FIFA, with the laws of each game determined by International Football Association Board, a body consisting of FIFA, The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales and the Irish Football Association. Differences Scope, speed and field surface two assistant referees, a fourth official, two additional assistant referees, a reserve assistant referee, a video assistant referee (VAR) and at least one assistant VAR (AVAR);while futsal will have two referees, three assistant referees (a third referee, a fourth referee and a timekeeper).<ref name":1" /> In football, the penalty kick is taken at a spot inside the centre of the Penalty Area 12 yards from the goal, called the penalty mark. In futsal, the first penalty mark is analogous to the penalty mark in football and is 6 metres from the midpoint of the goalposts. 
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