Apollo Moon landing hoax accusers

Apollo Moon landing hoax accusers say that some or all elements of the Moon landings from the Apollo Project were faked by NASA and possibly members of other involved organizations. For more detail on their rationales and those of other proponents of a hoax, including an extensive discussion of the plausibility, see the entry Apollo Moon landing hoax accusations.
Major hoax proponents
Some of the more notable proponents of the hoax are:
Bill Kaysing
Bill Kaysing (1922-2005) graduated from the University of Southern California with a B.A. in English and, from 1957, worked in technical publications at Rocketdyne, the company which subsequently built the F-1 engines used on the Saturn V rocket after Kaysing had left. Reportedly described by his daughter as "a self-supporting vagabond", Kaysing left Rocketdyne in 1963 for a new life as a freelance writer, producing books on such subjects as cheap eating and living on houseboats.
In 1974 Kaysing released his self-published book We Never Went to the Moon: America's Thirty Billion Dollar Swindle *
, beginning the true Moon hoax movement.
Kaysing (and others, including Sibrel) claim that, according to that a Rocketdyne company report from the late 1950s, the chance of a successful landing on the Moon was calculated to be 0.0017 (1 in 600). Kaysing claimed in particular that the F-1 rocket engine used in the first stage of the Saturn V was too unreliable: ... the Air Force had 13 consecutive failures with the Atlas D, E, and F in the summer and fall of 1963. This was at the time when the F-1, a much larger engine, was under intensive development. My point is this: if the Atlas couldn't achieve reliability after almost a decade of development, how could a far larger and more powerful rocket engine be successful? the problems were solved in the early 1960s, and by June 1965 it had been test-fired 1,000 times. No 'B-1' engine was ever built. The development of the Atlas booster was similarly troubled, but records do not show the thirteen consecutive failures of the Atlas that Kaysing claims. It was later used to launch Mercury flights into space with a 100 percent success record, and also launched numerous satellites and unmanned space probes: the Atlas-F mentioned had 22 failures, but also 79 successful launches.
Kaysing claimed that the supposedly Moon-bound Apollo astronauts did not even go into orbit: the Saturn V changed course during the launch, dropped the crew in the South polar sea, and then crashed. Communications traffic would be faked at NASA Greenbelt in Washington DC, and the lunar television broadcasts would be filmed at Norton Air Force Base in San Bernardino, California, or perhaps Area 51 in Nevada.
He suggests a "coalition between governments at the highest level" to conceal, amongst other things, the Moon hoax.
Kaysing later sued Apollo astronaut Jim Lovell for libel, after Lovell reportedly said of Kaysing:
"The guy is wacky. His position makes me feel angry. We spent a lot of time getting ready to go to the Moon. We spent a lot of money, we took great risks, and it's something everybody in the country ought to be proud of."
In 1997 a judge dismissed the case.
Bart Sibrel
Bart Sibrel, filmmaker and self proclaimed investigative journalist, created a documentary film A funny thing happened on the way to the Moon.
Sibrel claims that the Moon landings provided the US Government with a public distraction from the Vietnam War, with lunar activities stopping abruptly and planned missions canceled, around the same time that the U.S. ceased its involvement in Vietnam. However, that assertion is not chronologically correct, because the cancellations of the later flights occurred during the budgeting process in 1970 and 1971, when the War was still raging; and the last mission flew in December 1972, when the war was still a major ongoing conflict.
One of Sibrel's most significant claims is that: In my research at NASA I uncovered, deep in the archives, one mislabeled reel from the Apollo 11, first mission, to the Moon. What is on the reel and on the label are completely different. I suspect an editor put the wrong label on the tape 33 years ago and no reporter ever had the motive to be as thorough as I. It contains an hour of rare, unedited, color television footage that is dated by NASA’s own atomic clock three days into the flight. Identified on camera are Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, and Michael Collins. They are doing multiple takes of a single shot of the mission, from which only about ten seconds was ever broadcast. Because I have uncovered the original unedited version, mistakenly not destroyed, the photography proves to be a clever forgery. Really! It means they did not walk on the Moon!
However, the website Clavius.org says that analysis of the footage and mission transcripts indicates that the astronauts were practicing for their upcoming live telecast to the world from space, for which they had not been able to rehearse ahead of time.
A new documentary entitled Lunar Legacy, also challenges the Sibrel claim by showing conclusive evidence that original Apollo footage showing Earth from several thousand miles beyond the Van Allen radiation belts, was omitted from Sibrel's video. Had the NASA footage been included, it would have contradicted Sibrel's primary argument that Earth was filmed in a deceptive manner by the Apollo 11 astronauts in low Earth orbit.
Sibrel and Aron Ranen claim that Wernher Von Braun was complicit in the hoax, collecting samples to be used as the basis for 'Moon rocks' during his trip to Antarctica in 1967.
Sibrel made repeated demands over several years that Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin swear an oath on the Bible that he had walked on the Moon, or admit that it was all a hoax. Aldrin ignored Sibrel, and in September 2002, Sibrel approached Aldrin and a young female relative as they were leaving a building, and called Aldrin "...a coward and a liar and a thief...". Aldrin punched Sibrel in the face, knocking him backwards. Aldrin later said that he had felt forced to defend himself and his companion (Sibrel was about half Aldrin's age and rather taller and larger). Sibrel suffered no permanent injury; in fact, immediately after being hit, he turned to the cameraman and asked, "Did you get that on camera?" The Beverly Hills police investigated the incident, but no charges were filed. CBS News reports that "witnesses have come forward stating that they saw Sibrel aggressively poke Aldrin with a Bible and that Sibrel had lured Aldrin to the hotel under false pretenses so that he could interview him."
Apollo 14 Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell says that when Sibrel came to his home with false History Channel credentials, he did swear to the veracity of the Moon landings on Sibrel's Bible.
Stanislav Pokrovsky
Stanislav Pokrovsky is a Russian candidate of technical sciences and General Director of a scientific-manufacturing enterprise Project-D-MSK.
In 2007, he examined filmed staging of the first stage (S-IC) of the Saturn V rocket after the launch of Apollo 11. Analysing it frame by frame, he calculated the speed of the Saturn V rocket according to four methods, working out a maximum speed half (1.2 km/s) of the declared one at that point (2.4 km/s). He claimed that due to this, no more than 28 tonnes could be brought on the way to the Moon, including the spacecraft, instead of the 46 tonnes declared by NASA, and so a loop around the Moon was possible but not a manned landing on the Moon with return to the Earth.
Pokrovsky claims that his Saturn V speed estimation is the first direct proof of the impossibility of the Apollo Moon landing. did have could not change his results significantly even if followed. Pokrovsky compares his own frame-by-frame analysis of the filmed Saturn V flight to the frame-by-frame analysis of the filmed first nuclear test (1945) done by the Soviet academician Leonid Sedov who created his own blast wave theory to estimate the then top secret power of the explosion.
Alexander Popov
Alexander Ivanovich Popov claims to be a Russian doctor of physical-mathematical sciences and the author of more than 100 scientific works and inventions in the fields of laser optics and spectroscopy.
In 2009, Popov published a book claiming that the Saturn V was in fact a camouflaged Saturn 1B,.He also denied all Moon landing evidence, dividing it to five groups:
# Visual (photo, film and video) material that he held could successfully be made on Earth, in cinema studios.
# Lunar visual material which he claimed was taken from earth orbit.
# Space photos which he contended were made by space robots, including American ones.
# Devices on Moon (e.g. light reflectors) which claimed were placed there on robotic flights.
# Claims which he held to be unprovable, e.g. that the Apollo astronauts returned with 400 kg of soil.
Popov also claimed to have refuted the made by Apollo 15 astronauts. He asserted that there are a significant number of repeating frames in their film, and after removing them, calculated the acceleration it was taken under as 9.5 ± 2 m/s . Popov claimed that the experiment was filmed at NASA's Space Power Facility (SPF) vacuum chamber.
William Brian
William Brian is an engineer and author of the self-published book "Moongate: Suppressed Findings of the U.S. Space Program".
Brian reportedly claims that "the Moon's surface gravity is 64 percent of the Earth's surface gravity, not the one-sixth (or 16.7 percent) value predicted by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation!".
He does not dispute that astronauts visited the Moon, but claims that "the film speed was adjusted to slow down the action to give the impression that the astronauts were lighter than they actually were. With the slow-motion effects, objects would appear to fall more slowly and the public would be convinced of the Moon's weak gravity."
Ralph Rene
Ralph Rene is an inventor and 'self taught' engineering buff. Author of NASA Mooned America (second edition ASIN: B0006QO3E2).
Other proponents
* Charles T. Hawkins, author of How America Faked the Moon Landings,
* Philippe Lheureux, French author of Moon Landings: Did NASA Lie?, and Lumières sur la Lune (Lights on the Moon): La NASA a t-elle menti!.
* James M. Collier (d. 1998) American journalist and author, producer of the video Was It Only a Paper Moon? in 1997.
* Jack White American photo historian known for his attempt to prove forgery in photos related to the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
* - British publisher of Nexus magazine said that photographs of the lander would not prove that the US put men on the Moon. "Getting to the Moon really isn't much of a problem - the Russians did that in 1959 - the big problem is getting people there."
* Aron Ranen directed Did we go? (co-produced with Benjamin Britton and selected for the 2000 "New Documentary Series" Museum of Modern Art, NYC, the 2000 Dallas Video Festival Awards and the 2001 Digital Video Underground Festival in San Francisco). He received a Golden Cine Eagle and two fellowships from the National Endowment for Arts.
* Clyde Lewis, radio talk show host.
* Dr. David Groves (who works for Quantech Image Processing) and worked on some of the NASA photos. He said he can pinpoint the exact point at which the artificial light was used. Using the focal length of the camera's lens and an actual boot, he has calculated (using ray-tracing) that the artificial light source is between 24 and 36 cm to the right of the camera.
* - Russian opposition politician, publicist, writer and author of the book The Moon affair of the USA (2006) in which he denies all Moon landing evidence and accuses the U.S. establishment for plundering the money paid by the American tax payers for the Moon program and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and some Soviet scientists for helping NASA commit the hoax without being denounced.
* Joe Rogan
* Daniel J. Baxter - Auteur film maker
* Peter Bown - according a web site he is a senior school physics teacher and part time photographer in England

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