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Supreme Court Cases
Major Cases :Marshall Court (1801-35): Federalist appointed by John Adams, very nationalist.
:Marbury v Madison (1803): Established Judicial Review.
:Fletcher v. Peck (1810): Georgia legislature attempted to void a land grant, Court upheld property rights by ruling that the state's action would "impair the obligation of contract".
:McCulloch v Maryland (1819): National laws have precedense over State laws.
:Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819): Established Sanctity of contracts.
:Gibbons v Ogden (1824): Affirmed congressional power over interstate trade.
:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831): States could not seise lands without consent of the "domestic dependent nation". Georgia and President Andrew Jackson ignored this case.
:Taney Court (1835-61): Jacksonian Democrats did all they could to overturn Marshall Court decisions.
:Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837): Interests of the community are more important than corporate rights.
:Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857): Declared the Missouri Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional.
:Ex parte Merryman (1861): Ruled that Lincoln had acted unconstitutionally in imposing martial law in Baltimore after an anti-union riot.
:End of Taney Court
:Ex parte Milligan (1866): Court struck down wartime convictions of a civilian by military tribunal.
:Texas v White (1869): Ruled in favor of President Johnson in dealing with Reconstruchion as the Court ruled the Union was "indestructable".
:Plessy v Ferguson (1896): Separate but equal is constitutional.
:Muller v. Oregon (1908): Upheld Oregon law allowing the limitation of working hours for women.
:Schenk v. US (1919): Freedom of speech and press can be limited if a "clear and present danger" existed. A reaction to the Sedition and Espionage Acts.
:Brown v Board of Education (1954): Separate but equal is unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v Ferguson.
:Engel v. Vitale (1962): Outlawed state led prayer in public schools and eventually other public events.
:Baker v Carr (1962): Established one man, one vote.
:Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): Persons who could not afford counsel (lawyer) must be appointed one by the state. :Miranda v Arizona (1966): Under due process, suspects in custody must be read their rights.
:Roe v Wade (1973): Legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy.
:Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978): Ruled affirmative action violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but race may be considered as one of many factors.
Minor Cases
Major Wars
:French and Indian War (1754-63)
:Revolutionary War (1775-81)
:War of 1812 (1812-15)
:Mexican-American War (1846-48)
:Civil War (1861-65)
:Spanish-American War (1898)
:World War I (1917-18)
:World War II (1941-45)
:Korean War (1950-53)
:Vietnam War (1956-73(75))
:Gulf War (1991)
Presidents and Elections
:George Washington (1789-1796):
::-Did not believe in party politics
::-Unanimously elected
::-Set much precedent: 2-term presidency
::-Farewell address called for neutrality
:John Adams (1797-1801):
::-Federalist
::-Followed Washington's neutrality proclamation
::-Passed acts suppressing Jeffersonian-Republicans
::-"Midnight Judges"
:Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809):
::-Democratic-Republican
::-Attacked taxes
::-Peaceful transition between party control
::-Louisiana Purchase
::-Embargo Act
::-Hamilton (Federalist) follows Jefferson's ideals
:James Madison (1809-1817):
::-Democratic-Republican
::-War of 1812
::-Macon's Bill No. 2
::-Eventually re-chartered the Bank of the United States
:James Monroe (1817-1825):
::-Democratic-Republican
::-"Era of Good Feelings"
::-Monroe Doctrine- protection of Western Hemisphere, Europe restricted from Western Hemisphere
::-Missouri Compromise- prohibited slavery north of 36 30'
:John Quincy Adams (1825-1829):
::-Democratic-Republican
::-Corrupt Bargain: Henry Clay convinced the House of Reps to elect Adams in return for Clay becoming vice-president
:Andrew Jackson (1829-1837):
::-Democratic
::-"Jacksonian Democracy": very Jeffersonian
::-Reduced national debt
::-Wanted Electoral College abolished
::-Spoils System- giving executive jobs to election winner's party
::-Against national bank
::-Indian Removal
:Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)
::-Democratic
::-Inherited economic downturn
:William Harrison (1841):
::-Whig
::-Died one month after inauguration
:James K. Polk (1845-1849):
::-Democratic
::-Very expansionist
::-Lowered tariffs
::-Mexican-American War
:Zachary Taylor (1849-1850):
::-Whig
::-Dies in office, possibly murder
::-Compromise of 1850
:Franklin Pierce (1853-1857):
::-Democratic
::-Ostend Manifesto (Cuba)
::-Kansas-Nebraska Act- Repealed the Missouri Compromise, Admitted Kansas and Nebraska as states with or without slavery at choice of the citizens
:James Buchanan (1857-1861):
::-Democratic
::-Bleeding Kansas
::-Economic troubles
::-Dred Scott case
:Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865):
::-Republican (Union in 2nd term)
::-His election sparks Civil War via Southern succession
::-Emancipation Proclamation
::-Lincoln's liberal re-admittance policy (10% of population)
:Andrew Johnson (1865-1869):
::-Impeached over reconstruction, he wanted fast restoration, congress wanted stricter re-admittance
:Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)
::-Republican
::-Corrupt administration
::-Indian wars in West
::-Panic of 1873
::-Reconstruction ended
:Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881):
::-Republican
::-Hayes-Tilden Controversy: Dispute over 20 electoral votes, led to Compromise of 1877
:James A. Garfield (1881):
::-Republican
:Grover Cleveland (1885-1889, 1893-1897):
::-Democratic
:Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893):
::-Republican
:William McKinley (1897-1901):
::-Republican
::-Front porch campaign
::-Assassinated 1901
:Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909):
::-Republican
::-Trust buster
::-Square Deal
:William Howard Taft (1909-1913):
::-Republican
::-Busted more trusts than T.R.
::-"Dollar Diplomacy"
::-Income tax created
:Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921):
::-Democratic
::-"New Freedom"
::-World War I and Wilson's 14 points
::-Women's rights movement
::-Influenza epidemic
:Warren G. Harding (1921-1923):
::-Republican
::-Very corrupt administration
::-"Return to Normalcy"
:Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929):
::-Republican
::-"Roaring Twenties"
:Herbert Hoover (1929-1933):
::-Republican
::-Progressive and reformist
::-Expanded civil service
::-Humanitarian
:Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945):
::-Democratic
::-New Deal
::-22nd Amendment passed- limits president to 2 terms
:Harry S. Truman (1945-1953):
::-Democratic
::-World War Two
::-Fair Deal: "Great Society" Legislation, welfare, social services
:Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961):
::-Republican
::-Created the interstate highway system
::-Preached Dynamic Conservatism
::-Continued New Deal programs, particularly Social Security
:John F. Kennedy (1961-1963):
::-Democratic
::-Cold War
::-Cuba- Bay of Pigs Invasion
::-Cuban Missile Crisis
::-"Great Society" Legislation
::-T.V. was a major factor in the election
:Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969):
::-Democratic
::-Vietnam War
::-Major Civil Rights advocate
::-Civil Rights Act of 1964- outlawed most forms of racial segregation
:Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974):
::-Republican
::-Racial integration
::-NASA formed
::-SALT I Treaty
::-Watergate Scandal
:Gerald Ford (1974-1977):
::-Republican
::-Pardoned Nixon
::-Rising Inflation
::-Equal Rights Amendment
:Jimmy Carter (1977-1981):
::-Democratic
::-Humanitarian
::-1979 Energy Crisis
::-Major inflation
::-"Stagflation"
::-Arab-Israeli Conflict, Camp David Accords
::-SALT II
::-Iran Hostage Crisis
:Ronald Reagan (1981-1989):
::-Republican
::-End of Cold War
::-Trickle-down economics, "Reaganomics"
::-War on Drugs
::-Iran-Contra Affair
:George H. W. Bush (1989-1993):
::-Republican
::-Raised Taxes
::-Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
::-Persian Gulf War
::-NAFTA created
:William Clinton (1993-2001):
::-Democratic
::-Impeached
:George W. Bush (2001-present)
::-No Child Left Behind
::-pro-Social Services and Social Security
Political Parties
Mostly Everything
1607-1763
:Indentured servant
:Navigation Act
:Mayflower Compact
:Roger Williams
:
:New England Confederation
:Johnathan Edwards
:Halfway Covenant
:Salem Witch Trials
:City on a Hill
:William Penn
:Proprietary Colonies
:Royal Colonies
:Charter Colonies
:Peter Zenger
:King Philip's War
:George Whitefield
:Great Awakening
:Thomas Hobbes
:Mercantalism
:Bacon's Rebellion
:Harvard College
:Middle Passage
:Phyllis Wheatly
:Puritans
:Pilgrims/Separatists
:House of Burgesses
:Anne Hutchinson
:William Bradford
:French and Indian War
:John Locke
:Iroquios Confederacy
:Headright System
:Salutary Neglect
:Albany Plan
:James Ogelthorpe
1763-1775
:Proclamation of 1763
:Thomas Paine- Common Sense
:Crisis Papers
:Stamp Act Congress
:Olive Branch Petition
:Pontiac's Rebellion
:Quartering Act
:Townshend acts
:Boston Tea Party
:Intolerable Acts
:Coercive Acts
:Loyalists/Tories
:Sons of Liberty
:First Continental Congress
:Second Continental Congress
:Boston Massacre
:Paxton Boys
:Tea Act
:Battle of Saratoga
:Stamp Act
:Non-Importation agreements
:No Taxation without Representation
:Virtual Representation
:Gaspee Affair
:Sugar Act 1764
1775-1825
:Monroe Doctrine
:Embargo Act 1807
:Louisiana Purchase
:Tecumseh
:Jay Treaty
:Whiskey Rebellion
:Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion
:Annapolis Convention
:Orders in Council
:Hartford Convention
:American Colonization Society
:Republicanism/Democracy
:Interchangable Parts
:Henry Clay
:Washington's Farewell Address
:Great Compromise
:Barbary Pirates
:Treaty of Alliance 1778
:Treaty of Paris 1783
:Republican Motherhood
:Corrupt Bargain
:Loose Constructionism/Strict Constructionism
:Lewis and Clark
:Gibbons v Ogden
:Treaty of Ghent
:Land Ordinance of 1785
:Critical Period
:XYZ Affair
:War Hawks
:Cotton Gin
:articles of Confederation
:Three-Fifths Compromise
:Deism
:Revolution of 1800
:Hamiltion- assumption of state debt
:Virginia Plan
:New Jersey Plan
:Samuel Slater
:Federalists
:Benjamin Banneker
:Haitian Rebellion
:Marbury v Madison
:First Bank of the United States
:Yeomen farmers
:Virginia Resoulution
:Kentucky Resoulution
:Shay's Rebellion
:Northwest Ordinance
:Lowell Girls
:Erie Canal
:Impressment of US sailors
:Declaration of Independence
:Missouri Compromise
:Adams-Onis Treaty
:American System
:Bill of Rights
:Judicial Review
:Era of Good Feelings
:Citizen Genet
:Pinckney Treaty
:National Republicans
1825-1865
:Seneca Falls Convention
:Dorthea Dix
:John C. Calhoun
:Oregon territory
:Stephen Douglas
:Wilmont Proviso
:John Deere
:Maine Laws
:Trail of Tears
:Emancipation Proclamation
:Impending Crisis- Hinton Helper
:Dred Scott v Sanford
:Bank War
:Mexican Cession
:Cyrus McCormick
:Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
:Compromise of 1850
:Nullification Crisis
:William Lloyd Garrison
:Spoils System
:Popular Sovereignty
:Gadsden Purchase
:American Anti-Slavery Society
:Irish Immigration
:Mexican American War
:Abolitionists
:Bleeding Kansas
:Horace Mann
:Commonwealth v hunt
:Transcendentalism
:Webster-Ashburton Treaty
:John Slidell
:Free Soil Party
:Second Great Awakening
:Worcester v Georgia
:Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge
:Cult of Domesticity
:Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
:Trent Affair
:Know Nothing Party
:American Party
:Mormons
:Prigg v Pennsylvania
:Kansas-Nebraska Act
:Manifest Destiny
:Republican Party
:Whig Party
:Freeport Doctrine
:James K. Polk
:Force Act
:Homestead Act
:Lucretia Mott
:Independent Treasury
:Nashville Convention
:Morill Land Grant Act
:Compact Theory
:Frederick Douglas
:Gag Rule
:DeTocqueville: Democracy in America
:William Seward
:Fugitive Slave Law
:Removal of Deposits
:Harriet Beecher Stowe
:Brigham Young
:Specie Circular
:Crittenden Compromise
:Lecompton Constitution
:Perpetual Union
:Lincoln-Douglas Debates
:Tariff of Abominations
:Ostend Manifesto
:Antebellum
:Battle of Antietam
:Uncle Tom's Cabin
:Neal Dow
:Sumner-Brooks Affair
:National Banking Act
1865-1900
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