Self-examination is a cancer screening method used in an attempt to detect early cancer. Breast cancer and testicular cancer are sometimes screened by this method. Breasts According to a meta-analysis in the Cochrane Collaboration, two large trials in Russia and Shanghai found no beneficial effects of screening by breast self-examination "but do suggest increased harm in terms of increased numbers of benign lesions identified and an increased number of biopsies performed." They concluded, "At present, screening by breast self-examination or physical examination cannot be recommended." Testicles Doctors do not systematically recommend testicular self-examination. Testicular self-examination has generally low rates of practice in part because males are poorly informed, but also because of psychological aversion.
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