International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness

The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) is a coordinating, umbrella organization to lead an international effort in mobilizing resources for blindness prevention activities. It was set up on January 1, 1975, by the late Sir John Wilson, the Founder President. The founding members were the World Blind Union, and the International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies (now the International Council of Ophthalmology).
Mission
IAPB aspires to link professional bodies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), educational institutions, and interested individuals, with national programmes for the prevention of blindness. Its mission is "to achieve universal access to eye health, by:
* adding value to and maximising the impact of the individual and collective work of our Members, including those who strive for the inclusion and rehabilitation of those with vision loss,
* promoting knowledge and awareness of comprehensive eye health system development, particularly at country level."
According to the latest blindness data (2015), 253 million people are visually impaired, of whom 217 million people have moderate to severe vision impairment and 36 million are blind all over the world. It has been estimated that the number of the visually impaired could increase in the future. More than 75% of blindness is avoidable (it can be prevented or cured). The treatment of cataracts, which accounts for about half of all blindness, is one of the most cost-effective health interventions known. The agency predicts that the number of people with low vision will double in the next 20 to 30 years.
The first major achievement of IAPB was the establishment of the WHO Programme for Prevention of Blindness (WHO/PBL).
Board
In March 2016, the IAPB board consisted of Bob McMullan (president), Victoria Sheffield (vice-president), and Debra Davis (treasurer) as well as founding members Hugh Taylor and Arnt Holte. Peter Holland is the Chief Executive.
World Sight Day
World Sight Day, initiated by the SightFirst Campaign of Lions Club International Foundation, was integrated into IAPB, and is being held on the second Thursday of October, every year, since 2000. World Sight Day has proved to be an effective advocacy and awareness tool--in 2017, IAPB recorded 608 events from 115 countries.
History
In order to formalise a collaboration between the International NGDO community and WHO/PBL, the Consultative Group was formed, an elected body of 10 NGDOs from the Partnership Committee. The Consultative Group met every two years with WHO/PBL, from 1986 to 1994. This body made important contributions to strategies for preventing blindness, but it was limited in what it could achieve due to a lack of designated funding.
In 1994, at the Fifth IAPB General Assembly in Berlin, the Consultative Group was replaced by a "Task Force for Prevention of Blindness": CBM International, Sight Savers International, Helen Keller International, and Orbis International. From 1996 to 1998, through a series of consultations between the Programme Advisory Group (PAG) of WHO, the Partnership Committee, and the Task Force, the document, "Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness", was developed and adopted.
All these developments have necessitated revisions in the structure and governance of the IAPB, as laid down in the current constitution. A Constitutional Review Committee was set up in 2002 with Dr. Pararajasegaram, as Chair, to amend the Constitution, incorporating the opinions of stakeholders. As well as modifications in terminology and structure, the new Constitution was aligned with the Charity Law in UK, where IAPB is now incorporated. The new Constitution was ratified by the Seventh General Assembly of IAPB in Dubai, in September 2004.
The WHO released new data on the prevalence of global blindness in 2010. According to the updated figures, 285 million people are visually impaired, of whom 246 million people are affected by low vision, and 39 million are blind. Cataract is the major cause for global blindness (51%), especially in the developing countries. Glaucoma (8%), age-related macular degeneration (5%) and diabetic retinopathy (1%), along with cataract, account for 65% of all blindness in the world. These figures seem to indicate the success for VISION 2020, but also continue to highlight the challenge of achieving its goal - eliminating avoidable blindness by the year 2020.
VISION 2020: The Right to Sight
The Task Force was integrated within IAPB, becoming the "Task Force of IAPB", and a Memorandum of Understanding to implement the "Global Initiative to Eliminate Avoidable Blindness" was signed between IAPB and WHO. Under their joint auspices, "VISION 2020: The Right to Sight", was officially launched by Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General of WHO in Geneva on February 18, 1999, and further promoted by IAPB at the Sixth Assembly in Beijing, in September 1999. Following the launch of VISION 2020, the Task Force increased in membership, and in 2000, it was decided to hold joint-meetings of the IAPB Executive Committee and the Task Force, chaired by the President of IAPB.
Since the launch of VISION 2020, a major concerted international effort is being made in areas such as advocacy, resource mobilisation, joint-planning, strengthening national capacities through human resource development, and the transfer of appropriate technologies to developing countries. Global technical plans were developed, highlighting the priority areas that need to be addressed in each region, and the proposed strategies to reach the goals of VISION 2020 in these regions. Plans for prevention of blindness have also been developed at both national and district level. A conservative estimate of the productivity gain from VISION 2020 is $102 billion over the 20-year period. The costs of many of the interventions that form the VISION 2020 initiative are relatively modest, particularly for public health interventions, such as the distribution of Vitamin A capsules, and Mectizan for onchocerciasis.
In May 2003, the 56th World Health Assembly of Ministers adopted a "Resolution on Elimination of Avoidable Blindness", which calls on all member states to prepare VISION 2020 plans by 2005. Further, member states are to establish national coordinating committees, which are to start implementing the national plans by 2007, and to report back in 2010. The Ministers proposed a Monitoring Committee to oversee the programme. The resolution also supports the mobilization of resources to ensure a successful program. In response to the Resolution, a VISION 2020 Tool Kit was developed to provide guidance and support for Governments and health professionals.
Over the years, the original VISION 2020 agenda has been updated and improved upon by additional WHO action plans (the WHO Action Plan for avoidable blindness 2006-11, for example). The latest WHO Action Plan for the current period is the Global Action Plan 2014-19.
Global Action Plan 2014-2019
"Universal Eye Health: A global action plan 2014-2019" - the WHO Global Action Plan was unanimously adopted at the World Health Assembly held in Geneva in 2013. The Vision of the Plan is "a world in which nobody is needlessly visually impaired, where those with unavoidable vision loss can achieve their full potential and where there is universal access to comprehensive eye care services". Its goals are to reduce Visual Impairment as a global public health problem and secure access to rehabilitation for visually impaired services. Its objectives are to generate evidence on magnitude and causes of visual impairment and use it in advocacy, to develop and implement integrated national eye health policies and plans and ensure multi-sectoral engagement and effective partnerships.
The Global Action Plan set a Global Target of a "Reduction in prevalence of avoidable visual impairment by 25% by 2019" (from the baseline prevalence in 2010). To monitor progress a small number of key indicators are to be monitored:
*Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment;
*Numbers of Ophthalmologists, Optometrists and Allied Ophthalmic Personnel;
*Cataract Surgical Rate and Cataract Surgical Coverage.
Partnerships
It works closely with the Brien Holden Vision Institute and the World Health Organization in attempts to identify effective public health interventions in various countries. It particularly encourages early screening of children. It supports the Middle East Region Alliance for Trachoma which, in 2019, certified Oman as the first country in the world free of trachoma.
Dr Kaushik Murali from the Sankara Eye Foundation was hailed as Eye Health Hero 2018 by the agency.
It supports World Sight Day with the Lions Club International Foundation.

Main Menu

See Also

Main Menu