The Hotline Agreement (also known as the "Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Regarding The Establishment of a Direct Communications Link") was the first Cold War-era bilateral agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. It established the Moscow-Washington hotline. It was signed on June 20, 1963 in Geneva, Switzerland. History The need for the Hotline Agreement became apparent during the Cuban Missile Crisis, during which poor communications between John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev (via telegrams) escalated the crisis. Modifications The agreement was modified 1971, 1984 and 1988.
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