Bureaucracy in the United States

The Federal Bureaucracy is the informal term for the unelected, administrative body in the Executive Branch and the backbone of the US Government. It is arranged into departments, agencies, and commissions and consists of 15 cabinet departments, scores of regulatory agencies, and even more independent agencies. , the US bureaucracy includes more than 2.1 million civilian employees.
The American bureaucracy seems to be significantly smaller and leaner than that of other democracies in the developed countries. It is made up of technocrats rather than administrative elites, and it relies more on the private sector to deliver goods and services.
History
Bureaucracy in the United States dates back to the American Civil War. The government grew significantly throughout the Civil War and Reconstruction era. The growth of the government generated fresh interest in bureaucracy. Although not wholly true in the United States in the 1860s, this rhetoric was generally extremely critical of both bureaucratic institutions and bureaucrats. At least some people in the north began to understand the potential of bureaucracy as a method of literary expression, as well as a method of delegating authority and structuring organizations as a result of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Bureaucracy didn't start out as a term of abuse until the 1870s, when the conservative backlash against Reconstruction led to persistent attacks on the federal government more broadly.
The 1880s are often cited as the decade when the administrative state first emerged in histories of that system. Many people give special credit to two choices: the adoption of the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 and the Pendleton Act in 1883. The administrative state didn't emerge until after 1900, when the progressive justification for it finally entered American political discourse.
Structure
When electoral institutions provide clear goals for bureaucracies, provide them with sufficient resources, and give them the freedom to apply their expertise to a problem, bureaucracies function best and can make the most contributions to the process of making policies.
Agencies and American presidents
Every American president in the modern era has expressed mistrust for Washington's government officials. Jimmy Carter anticipated that CIA personnel would reject reforms meant to put an end to decades of agency misconduct. Ronald Reagan believed that the State Department's liberals were against his efforts to combat Communism. Independent advisors were mistrusted by George H. W. Bush. Bill Clinton thought the FBI had turned against itself. The George W. Bush administration conducted a thorough investigation for the intelligence officers they believed had leaked information about the existence of their warrantless eavesdropping operation after 9/11. Barack Obama was concerned that Pentagon officials were attempting to pressure him into sending a sizable contingent of troops to Afghanistan. On June 16, 2017, Trump became the first American president to apply the term deep state to the United States government.

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