Black smoke (The War of the Worlds)

The black smoke, or black powder, is a fictitious poisonous gas in H. G. Wells' 1898 science fiction novel The War of the Worlds, used by the Martians to eliminate groups of humans, especially artillery crews, and conveyed by shells fired from a gun-like "black tube" carried by the Tripods' whip-like tentacles. Any animal inhaling this deadly smoke is killed almost instantly, but the smoke becomes harmless on contact with water. The Martians would dispel it after each use with jets of steam, leaving only a residual, "cindery" black powder, which reminds the narrator of what he "read of the destruction of Pompeii". The smoke is very dense, and can be avoided by climbing to higher places. Although Wells never explains the smoke's mechanism in the novel, he mentions that it may bind with argon to become toxic. In reality, argon cannot combine with other elements, with the marginal exception of fluorine, but chemical weapons were widely used in human warfare after Wells' novel was written, especially in World War I.
In other adaptations
Orson Welles' radio adaptation dramatizes the effects of the black smoke: The poison is depicted as being potent enough to render gas masks useless, as do modern nerve gases.
The only accurate screen appearance of the black smoke is in , wherein the Martians only use the smoke twice, and it is not described in any detail.
The black smoke is briefly mentioned in the 1978 , where a tripod releases it while engaging the Thunder Child and later when the narrator is trapped. Its effects are not mentioned, however. This is likely the result of an earlier usage being removed at the script editing stage. This musical version featured musicians known as the Black Smoke Band.
In the 1998 , the black smoke can be launched from cannons by three Martian Machine units: the Fighting Machine, the Bombarding Machine, and the Tempest. The smoke deals fatal damage to any human vehicles that come close to it, but its effect varies according to the type of canister.
The Asylum film ' features a deadly gas, but it is green rather than black in color. The "green smoke" does appear to have the same deadly effect as the black smoke, and the same density. Whereas the novel's smoke is launched from "black tubes" attached to the fighting-machines on an arm, this smoke leaks from a small object ejected from the same slot from which the Heat Ray is fired. The smoke in the novel was described as an ink-like vapour, but the film's smoke is believed to be a kind of toxic gas. It is not described in detail.
In the Asylum's 2008 sequel, War of the Worlds 2: The Next Wave, the black smoke is absent, though chemical warfare is briefly mentioned. A fleet of jets, upgraded with the Martian technology left from the first film, are equipped with a kind of Heat-Ray and missiles containing mustard gas, a weapon only used in warfare once before, in World War I.
The black smoke is not used in , but was a considered addition as early as a first draft until it was dropped due to paucity of time. It is also absent from the 1980s TV series, though the aliens do make attempts at chemical warfare.
The black smoke appears, along with most technology of the Martians, as described by Wells in Alan Moore and 's comic book The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume II.
In Stephen Baxter's sequel, The Massacre of Mankind, areas sprayed with the black smoke and infested with the red weed are still barren thirteen years after the 1907 invasion, due to the lingering toxicity.
In the 2019 BBC miniseries, tripods are seen systematically dispersing black clouds over the streets of London. This version is apparently less lethal than the one in Wells' novel. In the novel the smoke is instantly fatal to anything that breathes. In the series a Cabinet minister is seen narrowly escaping the attack after having been engulfed in the smoke. However, a few minutes after his apparent escape he begins to profusely vomit what appears to be his own blood. The smoke wraps itself around the minister once more, hiding the minister's apparent death from the viewer's eye while those around him make a quick escape on foot.

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