Anti-anarchism covers a range of views in opposition to anarchist movement and ideology. Perhaps the first form emerged in the First International, when Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels took firm positions against Mikhail Bakunin. The growth of capitalism and anti democratic industries in the US and Europe also espoused anti anarchism, especially in the US where it had been a powerful working class force within the union movement. In Europe, fascism in Spain, Italy, and Germany heavily repressed working class anarchist movements, especially during the Spanish Revolution.
However it can also be incorporated into opposition to other policies and ideologies that threaten property interests or advocate left radicalism (e.g. syndicalism, socialism etc.).
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