Alternative theories of Al-Qaeda

For alternative theories of the September 11 attacks, see 9/11 conspiracy theories.
There are numerous theories regarding the history and nature of Al-Qaeda which are at odds with the standard account presented, for example, in the 9/11 Commission Report. These include conspiracy theories and various minority viewpoints.
Al-Qaeda is a false flag organization
Iraq
Laurie Mylroie has been the main exponent of the idea that Al-Qaeda was a front for operations by Iraqi intelligence.
Other countries
Other Muslim countries such as Iran and Pakistan have sometimes been alleged to be state sponsors of Al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda is also sometimes alleged to be controlled by the intelligence services of the USA or Israel.
Al-Qaeda is fictitious
There is no Al-Qaeda organization
This view has been popularized by the BBC documentary The Power of Nightmares.
=== The name "Al-Qaeda" is not used within the organization ===
This was asserted by Jason Burke in his book Al-Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror.
 
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