African Unification

African Unification (also known as Pan-Africanism) is a political movement in Africa advocating the political unification of the continent, comparable to the process of European integration.
The concept originates in the early 20th century with W. E. B. Du Bois and others. It is today mainly advocated by the African Unification Front (AUF), established 1996.
The AUF advocates for transformation of Africa into a federation, with the Pan African Parliament as the highest government, overseeing key institutions including a single currency, and one all-African army.
The Union of African States was an early confederation established by Kwame Nkrumah in 1958 in the context of decolonisation. The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania is a political party of South Africa established in 1959. It advocates African nationalism, socialism, and continental unity. Its body of ideas drew largely from the teachings of Anton Lembede, George Padmore, Marcus Garvey, Kwame Nkrumah, and W. E. B. Du Bois.
The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was established on 25 May 1963, and the African Economic Community in 1981. Critics argued that the OAU in particular did little to protect the rights and liberties of African citizens from their own political leaders, often dubbing it the "Dictators' Club".
An All-African Trade Union Federation was founded in 1959, and replaced by the Organization of African Trade Union Unity in 1973.
In 2002, the Organisation of African Unity was replaced by the African Union (AU) upon the instigation of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi. All African countries with the exception of Morocco are represented in the AU.
The AU's first military intervention in a member state was the May 2003 deployment of a peacekeeping force of soldiers from South Africa, Ethiopia, and Mozambique to Burundi. AU troops were also deployed in Sudan for peacekeeping in the Darfur conflict, before the mission was handed over to the United Nations on 1 January 2008 UNAMID. The AU has also sent a peacekeeping mission to Somalia, of which the peacekeeping troops are from Uganda and Burundi.

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